Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el impacto potencial de As, Hg y Pb sobre la estructura del fitoplancton a lo largo de la costa central de Campeche, Golfo de México. Se recolectaron muestras de agua mensualmente desde octubre de 2022 hasta julio de 2023 en seis sitios con diversas actividades antropogénicas. Las cianobacterias estuvieron influenciadas principalmente por silicatos, nitratos y amonio. Las diatomeas y los nanoflagelados estuvieron más influenciados por los fosfatos y el oxígeno disuelto. Los dinoflagelados estuvieron influenciados por el pH, el Hg, la temperatura y la salinidad. En cuanto a la relación entre los grupos de fitoplancton y los metales pesados, se observó una correlación positiva moderada (r ≈ 0,47). Aunque la correlación general entre los principales grupos de fitoplancton y los metales estudiados es débil (r ≈ 0,26), la CCA reveló patrones específicos de asociación entre los grupos de fitoplancton y ciertos metales pesados (p > 0,005). Las diatomeas y los nanoflagelados parecen adaptarse mejor a ambientes con Pb y Hg, mientras que los dinoflagelados mostraron una fuerte asociación con Hg. En cambio, las cianobacterias, al ser más vulnerables a estos contaminantes, mostraron una relación negativa con estos metales, especialmente con el As.
Citas
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