Resumen
El sector acuícola presenta un elevado crecimiento con una proyección a alcanzar 106 millones de toneladas en el 2030 mundialmente. Para ello, se requiere la implementación de programas de manejo y selección genética basados en el monitoreo de la diversidad genética, la endogamia y el pedigrí de los lotes de cultivo. En este estudio se desarrolló la plataforma 2bRAD para caracterizar genéticamente especies de cultivo acuícola con paneles de baja densidad de 150 a 500 marcadores genéticos tipo SNPs (Polimorfismos de Nucleótido Simple). La implementación de la técnica 2bRAD con corte del ADN con la enzima BcgI y el uso de adaptadores con cuatro bases selectivas, generó paneles de baja densidad de 114 y 159 SNPs para el ostión del Pacífico Crassostrea gigas y el jurel Seriola rivoliana, respectivamente. Estos paneles se validaron con pruebas de parentesco y paternidad, por lo que son adecuados para estudios de diversidad genética y seguimiento del pedigrí de lotes de cultivo. El panel obtenido para el camarón Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei fue de mediana densidad (2,874 SNPs), por lo que tiene otro tipo de aplicaciones. La plataforma 2bRAD desarrollada es potencialmente aplicable a otras especies de peces marinos de cultivo como huachinango, pargo lunarejo y totoaba.
Citas
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