Resumen
Las cianobacterias son organismos fotosintéticos importantes para diversos ciclos vitales de la biósfera; sin embargo, algunos géneros como Microcystis tienen la capacidad de formar floraciones y producir cianotoxinas que comprometen la calidad del agua. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo validar el uso de PCR punto final para detectar cianobacterias, el género Microcystis y su capacidad genética para producir microcistinas. Se utilizaron tres pares de oligonucleótidos para obtener las secuencias de las regiones del gen 16S rRNA de cianobacterias y de Microcystis, así como del gen mcyA asociado con la producción de microcistinas. El uso de PCR de punto final permitió la detección específica de cianobacterias y Microcystis en concentraciones celulares hasta 10 veces por debajo del límite de alerta de florecimiento, así como la detección del gen mcyA, tanto en cepas aisladas como en una comunidad microbiana simulada. La eficacia del uso de PCR de punto final para la detección específica de cianobacterias lo convierte en una herramienta de monitoreo temprano, capaz de predecir la producción potencial de microcistinas y, por tanto, resaltar su utilidad para la gestión de la calidad del agua para consumo humano.
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