Palabras clave
bioestimulantes
salinidad
extractos de algas
extractos vegetales
Categorías
Cómo citar
Métricas de PLUMX
Resumen
El estrés abiótico derivado del cambio climático constituye una amenaza crítica para la seguridad alimentaria a nivel global. Factores como la sequía, la salinidad y las temperaturas extremas alteran procesos fisiológicos esenciales en las plantas, lo que reduce el crecimiento y la productividad. En particular, la salinidad es responsable de aproximadamente el 20 % de las pérdidas del rendimiento en los cultivos, debido a la alteración del equilibrio hídrico y nutricional de las plantas. Ante este escenario, los bioestimulantes de origen natural han surgido como una alternativa sostenible para mejorar la tolerancia de las plantas a condiciones adversas; como los extractos obtenidos de algas marinas y de plantas terrestres, que contienen compuestos bioactivos capaces de activar algunos mecanismos de defensa vegetal ocasionando la estimulación de los sistemas antioxidantes, la regulación estomática, acumulación de osmolitos y mejora en la eficiencia del uso del agua. Adicionalmente, la aplicación de bioestimulantes ha mostrado efectos positivos sobre el crecimiento y la productividad de diversos cultivos hortícolas, frutales y ornamentales, posicionándose como una estrategia prometedora para mantener la productividad agrícola y contribuir a la resiliencia de los sistemas productivos ante condiciones ambientales adversas.
Citas
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