Resumen
La pudrición blanda causada por Rhizopus stolonifer es la enfermedad más importante en el fruto de yaca. Actualmente, el control de este fitopatógeno se logra con fungicidas tóxicos. Debido a esto, se busca el control de R. stolonifer a través de alternativas naturales como los extractos de plantas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los compuestos del extracto de Dalea carthagenensis y evaluar su potencial antifúngico contra importantes fitopatógenos poscosecha. Se evaluó la actividad antioxidante del extracto y la actividad in vitro contra Penicillium italicum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y R. stolonifer. Los compuestos fitoquímicos se identificaron mediante HPLC-UV-Vis y se evaluó la actividad antifúngica in vivo contra R. stolonifer en yaca. El extracto presentó una actividad antioxidante de 48.34 ± 1.3 mg TE/g ps y un contenido fenólico total de 52.23 ± 0.57 mg GAE/g ps. P. italicum, C. gloeosporioides y R. stolonifer fueron inhibidos entre 11.50-55.6%, 22.16-53.88% y 27.46-79.71%, respectivamente. El hongo más sensible fue R. stolonifer con una concentración mínima inhibitoria de 11.08 mg/mL. El extracto de D. Carthagenensis, en el que se identificaron principalmente el ácido gálico y la vainillina, redujo la severidad de la enfermedad en un 59% en los frutos de yaca. En conclusión, el extracto de D. carthagenensis es una alternativa prometedora para el manejo de la pudrición blanda en yaca en etapa poscosecha. El extracto ofrece una solución de control ecológica para los productores de yaca.
Citas
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