Abstract
The objective was to identify subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test (CMT) and to isolate and identify phenotypes of Staphylococcus spp., strains derived from goat milk. A study was conducted from February 2023 to May 2023, in 21 different farms in Santa Cruz de Juventino Rosas, Guanajuato. The detection of subclinical mastitis was carried out using the CMT analyzed the milk of 430 goats; Positive CMT milk samples were tightly closed, refrigerated at 4°C, and transported to the laboratory, where they were cultivated on agar medium for 24 or 48 h. Antimicrobial sensitivity of Staphylococcus strains was evaluated using the disk diffusion technique. 27.6% of the goats were positive for CMT. Several pathogens can cause mastitis, but Staphylococcus spp. are the most frequently diagnosed causal microorganisms of intramammary infections in goats, in bacteriological detection, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, S. hyicus, S. chromogenes, S. caprae and S. epidermidis were identified. Some Staphylococcus isolates were sensitive to cefotaxima. In conclusion, therefore, the control of mastitis in goats should take into account the optimal milking routine and milking hygiene.
References
Abdelrahman, M. A., Khadr, A. M., Mahmoud, A. A., Elsheimy, M. T., & Osman, A. (2020). Occurrence of clinical and subclinical mastitis and associated risk factors in lactating goats with special reference to dry period infection and teat skin microflora. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 64(2), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.28648
Ávalos-Castro, R., Palomares Resendiz, G., Díaz Aparicio, E., & Medina-Córdova, N. (2022). Prevalencia de mastitis subclínica y determinación de los factores de riesgo en cabras ordeñadas de forma manual y mecanizada, en rebaños de Comondú, Baja California Sur, México. Acta universitaria, 32. https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2022.3268
Bazan, R., Cervantes, E., Salas, G., & Segura-Correa, J. C. (2009). Prevalencia de mastitis subclínica en cabras lecheras en Michoacán, México. Revista científica FCV-LUZ, 19(4), 334-338.
Baudry, C., de Cremoux, R., Chartier, C., & Perrin, G. (1997). Impact of the cellular concentration of milk in goats on its production and its composition. Veterinary research, 28(3), 277-286.
Bedolla Cedeño, C., Bedolla Garcia, E. A., Castaneda Vazquez, H., Wolter, W., Castaneda Vazquez, M. A., & Kloppert, B. (2012). Mastitis Caprina. https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/f6ff1253-5b7f-4602-8bef-b33fdcd115c7/content
Bexiga, R., Rato, M. G., Lemsaddek, A., Semedo-Lemsaddek, T., Carneiro, C., Pereira, H., Mellor, D.J., Ellis, K. A., & Vilela, C. L. (2014). Dynamics of bovine intramammary infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci on four farms. Journal of Dairy Research, 81(2), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029914000041
Braem, G., De Vliegher, S., Verbist, B., Piessens, V., Van Coillie, E., De Vuyst, L., & Leroy, F. (2013). Unraveling the microbiota of teat apices of clinically healthy lactating dairy cows, with special emphasis on coagulase-negative staphylococci. Journal of dairy science, 96(3), 1499–1510. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-5493
Chavarría, N. S. E., & Meléndez, M. L. M. (2012). Identificación de agentes bacterianos implicados en mastitis subclínica y perfil de resistencia en vacas que abastecen los Centros de Acopio Tecuaname y El Sauce en el Departamento de León, septiembre, noviembre 2011 [Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria]. http://riul.unanleon.edu.ni:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5929/1/221118.pdf
Chokshi, A., Sifri, Z., Cennimo, D., & Horng, H. (2019). Global Contributors to Antibiotic Resistance. Journal of global infectious diseases, 11(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_110_18
Contreras, A., Sierra, D., Sánchez A., Corrales, J.C., Marcoc, J.C., Paape, M.J., & Gonzalo, C. (2007). Mastitis in small ruminants. Small Ruminant Research, 68, 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.011
De Visscher, A., Supré, K., Haesebrouck, F., Zadoks, R. N., Piessens, V., Van Coillie, E., Piepers, S., & De Vliegher, S. (2014). Further evidence for the existence of environmental and host-associated species of coagulase-negative staphylococci in dairy cattle. Veterinary microbiology, 172(3-4), 466–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.06.011
Donmez, E., & Kirkan, S. (2022). Investigation of Virulence Properties of Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Goats with Subclinical Mastitis. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 77(2), 87-98. http://www.ijvm.org.il/sites/default/files/5donmez.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO]. (2024, August 13). Gateway to dairy production and products. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations https://www.fao.org/dairy-production-products/production/dairy-animals/en
Gelasakis, A. I., Angelidis, A. S., Giannakou, R., Filioussis, G., Kalamaki, M. S., & Arsenos, G. (2016). Bacterial subclinical mastitis and its effect on milk yield in low-input dairy goat herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(5), 3698–3708. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10694
Giboin, G., Stanchi, N. O., & Mestorino, O. N. (2019). La mastitis subclínica en cabras lecheras, uso de antibióticos e implicancias en la salud pública y producción: Revisión bibliográfica. Veterinaria Cuyana. ISSN Impresa 1850-0900 en línea 1850356X Año 13, 24-38. https://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/118215/Documento_completo.pdf-PDFA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Guerrero, C. (2010). La caprinocultura en México, una estrategia de desarrollo. Revista Universitaria Digital de Ciencias Sociales. 1,1-8. https://doi.org/10.22201/fesc.20072236e.2010.1.1.9
Hernández, R., & Bedolla, C. (2008). Importancia del conteo de células somáticas en la calidad de la leche. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria, 9(9), 1-34. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/636/63617329004.pdf
Jesse, F., Bitrus, A., Peter, I., Chung, E., & Tukiran, N. (2023). Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Ruminants: A Review of Etiological Agents, Diagnosis, Clinical Management and Risk Factors. Journal of Research in Veterinary Sciences, 1, 51-65. https://doi.org/10.5455/JRVS.20230730103147
Kabui, S., Kimani, J., Ngugi, C., & Kagira, J. (2024). Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of mastitis causing bacteria isolated from dairy goats in Mukurweini Sub-County, Nyeri County, Kenya. Veterinary medicine and science, 10(3), e1420. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1420
Karzis, J., Petzer, I. M., Donkin, E. F., Naidoo, V., & Etter, E. M. C. (2019). Climatic and regional antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus in South African dairy herds. The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research, 86(1), e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1674
Li, N., Richoux, R., Boutinaud, M., Martin, P., & Gagnaire, V. (2014). Role of somatic cells on dairy processes and products: A review. Dairy Science & Technology, 94, 517–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13594-014-0176-3
Machado, G. P. (2018). Mastitis in small ruminants. Animal Husbandry, Dairy and Veterinary Science, 2(4), 1-9. http://doi.org/10.15761/AHDVS.1000144
Mačešić, N., Fumić, T., Duvnjak, S., Bačić, G., Cvetnić, L., Karadjole, T., Samardžija, M., Habrun, B., Lojkić, M., Prvanović, B. N., Efendić, M., Cvetnić, M., & Benić, M. (2022). Agreement of conventional microbiological and molecular identification of streptococci isolated from bovine milk. Veterinarski arhiv, 92(4), 381-387. https://doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.1574
Maisi, P., & Riipinen, I. (1988). Use of California Mastitis Test, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and antitrypsin to diagnose caprine subclinical mastitis. The Journal of dairy research, 55(3), 309–314. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900028569
Mahlangu, P., Maina, N., & Kagira, J. (2018). Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Milk of Goats with Subclinical Mastitis in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya. Journal of veterinary medicine, 2018, 3801479. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3801479
Menzies, P.I. (2018) Guide to Udder Health for Dairy Goats Providing Guidance for Veterinarians and Producers in Improving Milk Quality. American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference. https://doi.org/10.21423/aabppro20183146
Ordoñez, V. V., Carranza, B. V., Bastida, A. Z., Cedeño, J. L. C. B., Domínguez, R. L., Pereyra, G. C., Acosta, J. J., & Izquierdo, A. C. (2022). Mastite estafilocócica em rebanhos caprinos. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 5(2), 1482-1495. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv5n2-004
Pascu, C., Herman, V., Iancu, I., & Costinar, L. (2022). Etiology of Mastitis and Antimicrobial Resistance in Dairy Cattle Farms in the Western Part of Romania. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 11(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010057
Piessens, V., Van Coillie, E., Verbist, B., Supré, K., Braem, G., Van Nuffel, A., De Vuyst, L., Heyndrickx, M., & De Vliegher, S. (2011). Distribution of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species from milk and environment of dairy cows differs between herds. Journal of dairy science, 94(6), 2933–2944. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3956
Pum, J. (2019). A practical guide to validation and verification of analytical methods in the clinical laboratory. Advances in clinical chemistry, 90, 215–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2019.01.006
Ruiz, G. E. (1989). Mastitis caprina: Estudio recapitulativo [Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia]. http://132.248.9.195/pmig2018/0101102/0101102.pdf
Shearer, J., & Harris Jr, B. Mastitis of dairy goats. (2003). University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://mysrf.org/pdf/pdf_dairy/goat_handbook/dg5.pdf
Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera [SIAP]. (2024, August 13). Panorama Agroalimentario 2024. Subsector pecuario. Leche de caprino., Gobierno de México. https://panorama.siap.gob.mx/vista/productos.php
Smith, E. M., Willis, Z. N., Blakeley, M., Lovatt, F., Purdy, K. J., & Green, L. E. (2015). Bacterial species and their associations with acute and chronic mastitis in suckler ewes. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(10), 7025-7033. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9702
Virdis, S., Scarano, C., Cossu, F., Spanu, V., Spanu, C., & De Santis, E. P. (2010). Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Goats with Subclinical Mastitis. Veterinary medicine international, 2010, 517060. https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/517060
Revista Bio Ciencias by Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License.
Based on work of http://biociencias.uan.edu.mx/.
Further permits not covered by this licence can be found at http://editorial.uan.edu.mx/index.php/BIOCIENCIAS.