Resumen
México es el principal productor de tuna a nivel mundial con más de 250 mil toneladas al año. La tuna se comercializa en fresco, descartándose el pericarpio, que representa aproximadamente el 50 % del fruto. Aprovechamos el pericarpio de la tuna para extraer el mucílago. Este se mezcló con maltodextrina en 4 proporciones (P1, 50 %; P2, 33,3 %; P3, 25 % y P4, 20 %) y se usó para secar por aspersión jugo tuna (Opuntia robusta Wendl. var. robusta). Los polvos de jugo de tuna se caracterizaron por calorimetría diferencial de barrido, microscopía electrónica de barrido, microscopía de fuerza atómica, microscopía confocal de barrido láser, capacidad antioxidante, contenido de betalaína y color. La adición de mucílago disminuyó el rendimiento y la temperatura de transición vítrea; aumentó la humedad, la actividad del agua y la capacidad antioxidante de los polvos obtenidos por secado por aspersión. Sin embargo, P3 es un polvo con baja humedad y actividad de agua, superficie lisa, tamaño de partícula pequeño y color violeta intenso. Este polvo tiene potencial para ser aplicado en la industria alimentaria. Además, ofrece una alternativa a la comercialización del jugo de tuna.
Citas
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