Resumen
Moringa oleifera es una especie con amplia distribución mundial debido a su capacidad adaptativa y a sus propiedades nutricionales. En México, han ocurrido varias reintroducciones de esta especie y aunque se ha observado diversidad morfológica, se desconoce la amplitud de su diversidad a nivel de ADN. El objetivo fue determinar la diversidad y estructura genética de 14 poblaciones de M. oleifera cultivadas en México a través de SNP. Las semillas se germinaron en invernadero y el ADN se extrajo de hojas y tallos jóvenes mediante un protocolo basado en CTAB. Este ADN se utilizó para realizar el genotipado de cada población con la tecnología DArTseqTM. Se obtuvieron 9,862 SNP, de ellos el 0.64 % fueron polimórficos. Dentro de las poblaciones se observaron niveles moderados de diversidad (Ae=1.52, He=0.33, Ho= 0.44, índice de Shannon = 0.44). El trasfondo genético de las poblaciones permitió visualizar dos grupos a través del análisis de conglomerado y PCoA. La estructura genética de las poblaciones mediante STRUCTURE indicó que la ascendencia proviene de dos poblaciones originales (K = 2). Las 14 poblaciones de moringa son diversas a nivel de ADN de alta calidad para una secuenciación precisa y confiable.
Citas
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