Resumen
La agricultura en zonas áridas, como el Valle del Yaqui, Sonora, se enfrenta a limitaciones en la disponibilidad de agua que afectan la germinación y el establecimiento temprano de los cultivos, por lo que se requieren alternativas que favorezcan estos procesos bajo condiciones de estrés hídrico. En este trabajo se evaluó la germinación de semillas de Sorghum sp. utilizando hidrogeles biodegradables elaborados a partir de polisacáridos naturales y ácido húmico (HA) como sustrato. Se analizaron cuatro formulaciones de hidrogel (G0, G12, GK0 y GK12), comparadas con un medio control (PDA), mediante la evaluación del porcentaje de germinación y parámetros biométricos como biomasa fresca y seca, así como contenido de clorofila. Todos los tratamientos con hidrogel alcanzaron una germinación del 100 %, superando al control (55 %). Además, las plántulas desarrolladas en hidrogeles mostraron mayor biomasa y contenido de clorofila. Los tratamientos G12 y GK12 presentaron el mejor desempeño en todas las variables evaluadas. En conjunto, los resultados indican que los hidrogeles basados en polisacáridos naturales, particularmente aquellos enriquecidos con HA, pueden emplearse como sustratos efectivos para la germinación de sorgo, con potencial aplicación en sistemas agrícolas de zonas áridas.
Citas
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