Palabras clave
Alteraciones metabólicas
Polimorfismos genéticos
Población mexicana
Categorías
Cómo citar
Métricas de PLUMX
Resumen
La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica y multifactorial caracterizada por una acumulación excesiva de tejido adiposo, lo que incrementa el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enfermedades cardiovasculares, dislipidemias y ciertos tipos de cáncer. Aunque el índice de masa corporal (BMI) continúa utilizándose de manera rutinaria para su clasificación, su limitada capacidad para distinguir composiciones corporales heterogéneas y para reflejar alteraciones metabólicas específicas ha puesto en duda su utilidad clínica. En respuesta, diversas organizaciones internacionales han propuesto incorporar medidas complementarias, como la adiposidad visceral, indicadores antropométricos avanzados, biomarcadores metabólicos y moleculares, que permitan una evaluación más precisa.
Este artículo presenta una revisión crítica de los determinantes multifactoriales del desarrollo de sobrepeso y obesidad en México, incluyendo factores biológicos, genéticos, ambientales, sociales y metabólicos, con énfasis en los avances recientes en el diagnóstico molecular. Asimismo, se discute cómo este conocimiento es fundamental para el análisis epidemiológico de esta enfermedad, así como para desarrollar nuevas estrategias preventivas, mejorar la detección temprana de alteraciones metabólicas y orientar políticas públicas adaptadas al perfil genético y epidemiológico de la población mexicana.
Citas
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