Keywords
metabolic alterations
Genetic polymorphisms
Mexican population
Categories
How to Cite
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Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, which increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, and certain types of cancer. Although body mass index (BMI) continues to be routinely used for classification, its limited ability to distinguish heterogeneous body compositions and reflect specific metabolic alterations has called its clinical utility into question. In response, various international organizations have proposed incorporating complementary measures, such as visceral adiposity, advanced anthropometric indicators, and metabolic and molecular biomarkers, to enable a more accurate assessment.
This article presents a critical review of the multifactorial determinants of the development of overweight and obesity in Mexico, including biological, genetic, environmental, social, and metabolic factors, with an emphasis on recent advances in molecular diagnosis. It also discusses how this knowledge is fundamental for the epidemiological analysis of this disease, as well as for developing new preventive strategies, improving the early detection of metabolic disorders, and guiding public policies tailored to the genetic and epidemiological profile of the Mexican population.
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