Palabras clave
poscosecha
vida de anaquel
recubrimientos comestibles
compuestos GRAS
Cómo citar
Métricas de PLUMX
Resumen
La yaca (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.), reconocida como el fruto comestible más grande del mundo, pertenece a la familia Moraceae y es originaria de los bosques tropicales de los Ghats Occidentales de la India. Actualmente se cultiva en regiones tropicales y subtropicales de Asia, África y América. Su perfil nutricional incluye carbohidratos, proteínas, vitaminas del complejo B, vitaminas A y C, carotenoides, compuestos fenólicos y fibra dietética. En México, Nayarit concentra más del 90 % de la producción nacional, siendo Estados Unidos de América el principal destino de exportación. No obstante, el principal obstáculo para su comercialización a larga distancia es la limitada vida poscosecha ligada al ataque por patógenos fúngicos, particularmente Rhizopus stolonifer y Lasiodiplodia theobromae. La combinación de refrigeración con recubrimientos comestibles a base de compuestos GRAS (Generalmente Reconocidos como Seguros, por sus siglas en inglés) extiende la vida útil hasta 17 días. La presente revisión integra el conocimiento científico disponible sobre botánica, diversidad genética, composición química, fisiología de la maduración, manejo poscosecha, perfil agroecológico y valorización de residuos del cultivo, con el objetivo de identificar oportunidades de investigación aplicada y fortalecer la cadena de valor de la yaca en México y el trópico americano.
Citas
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